Challenges of Innovation in the Developing Countries. The Need for Engineers' Education

Abstract

There has never been any doubt about the importance of promoting innovation that speeds up the development of all domains of our lives. Processes, services, products, everything needs to be improved in a permanent way. However, to innovate means to make effort. Kline has proposed a chain-linked model that describes the innovation process. The market need is the main source to innovate, but a proper interaction between production, marketing and R&D is required to dynamise innovation. The performance of innovation can be measured by the number of patents, R&D applications or professional literature citations